series of wars between the 7th and 11th centuries
Documented facts
- Date
- 629 (Julian) — 1050 (Julian)
- Precision
- Year
- Referenced location
- Levant
- Source coordinates
- 34.0000°, 36.0000°
Referenced participants
- Byzantine Empire ↗
- Ghassanids ↗
- Mardaites ↗
- Medieval Armenia ↗
- First Bulgarian Empire ↗
- Kingdom of Italy ↗
- Italian city-state ↗
- Rashidun Caliphate ↗
- Umayyad Caliphate ↗
- Abbasid Caliphate ↗
- Aghlabids ↗
- Muslim Sicily ↗
- Emirate of Bari ↗
- Emirate of Crete ↗
- Hamdanid dynasty ↗
- Fatimid Caliphate ↗
- Mirdasid dynasty ↗
Documented participation does not establish opposing sides. Alliances absent from the sources are not reconstructed.
People and command
- Heraclius — documented participation · Source ↗
- Abdallah al-Battal — documented participation · Source ↗
- Mu'awiyah ibn Hisham — documented participation · Source ↗
- Michael Lachanodrakon — documented participation · Source ↗
- Tatzates — documented participation · Source ↗
- Andrew the Scythian — documented participation · Source ↗
- Leo of Tripoli — documented participation · Source ↗
- Leo Phokas the Elder — documented participation · Source ↗
- Melias — documented participation · Source ↗
- Katakalon Kekaumenos — documented participation · Source ↗
Trace the sources
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